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Wednesday, October 19, 2005
Series on Fascism: Part II
Fascism: Comparison and Definition
By Stanley PayneA. The Fascist Negations
- Antiliberalism
- Anticommunism
- Anticonservatism (though with the understanding that fascist groups were willing to undertake temporary alliances with groups from any other sector, most commonly with the right).
B. Ideology and Goals
- Creation of a new nationalist authoritarian state based not merely on traditional principles or models.
- Organization of some new kind of regulated, multiclass, integrated national economic structure, whether called national corporatist, national socialist, or national syndicalist.
- The goal of empire or a radical change in the nation’s relationship with other powers.
- Specific espousal of an idealist, voluntarist creed, normally involving the attempt to realize a new form of modern, self-determined, secular culture.
C. Style and Organization
- Emphasis on esthetic structure of meetings, symbols, and political choreography, stressing romantic and mystical aspects.
- Attempted mass mobilization with militarization of political relationships and style and with the goal of a mass party militia.
- Positive evaluation and use of, or willingness to use, violence.
- Extreme stress on the masculine principle and male dominance, while espousing the organic view of society.
- Exaltation of youth above other phases of life, emphasizing the conflict of generations, at least in effecting the initial political transformation.
- Specific tendency toward an authoritarian, charismatic, personal style of command, whether or not the command is to some degree initially elective.
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Posted by fm on October 19, 2005 at 12:54 AM